E.I & E.III Eindecker @·AIRCRAFTUBE

  • Max Immelmann - Fokker E.I Max Immelmann - Fokker E.I
    Max Immelmann - Fokker E.I
  • Fokker Eindecker Fokker Eindecker
    Fokker Eindecker
  • Otto Parschau - Fokker E.I-15 Otto Parschau - Fokker E.I-15
    Otto Parschau - Fokker E.I-15
  • Fokker E.III Fokker E.III
    Fokker E.III
  • Fokker E.III Fokker E.III
    Fokker E.III
  • Fokker E.III Fokker E.III
    Fokker E.III
  • Oswald Boelcke<br>Fokker E.IV Oswald Boelcke<br>Fokker E.IV
    Oswald Boelcke
    Fokker E.IV
  • Fokker M.5K/MG (Kurt Wintgens) Fokker M.5K/MG (Kurt Wintgens)
    Fokker M.5K/MG (Kurt Wintgens)
  • Fokker E.III - 1916 Fokker E.III - 1916
    Fokker E.III - 1916
  • Fokker E.III Fokker E.III
    Fokker E.III

Fokker Eindecker

The Fokker Eindecker fighters were a series of German First World War monoplane single-seat aitcraft designed by Dutch engineer Anthony Fokker. Developed in April 1915, the Eindecker monoplane was the first purpose-built German fighter aircraft and the first aircraft to be fitted with synchronizer gear, enabling the pilot to fire a machine gun through the arc of the propeller without striking the blades. The Eindecker granted the German air force, or "Luftstreitkräfte," a degree of air superiority from July 1915 until early 1916; a period known as the Fokker Scourge during which Allied aviators regarded their poorly armed aircraft as "Fokker Fodder".

The Eindecker went through five variants:

  • Fokker M.5K/MG (A.III) - 5 built.
  • Fokker E.I - 68 built.
  • Fokker E.II - 49 built.
  • Fokker E.III - 249 built.
  • Fokker E.IV - 49 built.

Total production was 416 aircraft (one aircraft's type is unknown). The main difference between the E.I and E.II was the engine, the former having the 7-cylinder 80 hp Oberursel U.0 rotary engine which was essentially a direct copy of the French-made Gnôme Lambda 80 hp seven cylinder rotary engine, while the latter had the 9-cylinder Oberursel U I 100 hp version, a direct copy of the French Gnôme 100 hp "Monosoupape" rotary engine. Production of the types therefore depended on engine availability and the two variants were built in parallel. Many E.IIs were either completed as E.IIIs or upgraded to E.III standard when returned for repair.

All Eindeckers used a gravity fuel tank which had to be constantly filled by hand-pumping from the main fuel tank behind the pilot; this task had to be performed up to eight times an hour. Both the rudder and elevator were balanced - and the type no fixed tail surfaces - this combination rendered the Eindecker very responsive to pitch and yaw however wing-warping was used instead of ailerons so roll response was poor. For an inexperienced pilot, the extreme sensitivity of the elevators made level flight difficult; German ace Leutnant Kurt Wintgens stated "lightning is a straight line compared with the barogram of the first solo."

The Eindecker was based on Fokker's unarmed A.III scout (itself following very closely the design of the French Morane-Saulnier Type H shoulder-wing monoplane) which was fitted with a synchronizer mechanism controlling a single Parabellum LMG 14 machine gun. Anthony Fokker personally demonstrated the system, having towed the prototype aircraft behind his touring car to a military airfield near Berlin. The first Eindecker victory, though unconfirmed, was achieved by Kurt Wintgens on 1 July, 1915 when, while flying one of the five M.5K/MG production prototype aircraft, numbered 'E.5/15', he forced down a French Morane-Saulnier Type "L" two seat "parasol" monoplane. By this time the first Fokker E.Is were arriving at front-line units. The two most famous Eindecker pilots were Oswald Boelcke and Max Immelmann, both of Feldflieger Abteilung 62, who scored their first kills in E.Is in August of 1915. Leutnant Otto Parschau, who was instrumental in the introduction of the Eindecker from the very start, flew the M.5K/MG aircraft numbered E.1/15.

The definitive version of the Eindecker was the Fokker E.III. Boelcke's Feld-Flieger Abteilung 62 began operating the E.III towards the end of 1915. Some E.IIIs were armed with twin Spandau MG 08 machine guns. The final variant was the Fokker E.IV which received a 160 hp engine and was fitted with twin machine guns as standard.

Boelcke scored the most Eindecker victories; 19 out of his final tally of 40, his last coming on 27 June 1916. Immelmann had the second-highest Eindecker score, having achieved all his 15 victories in the type before being killed when his E.III broke up in June 1916. Eleven pilots scored five or more victories in the Eindecker. Boelcke, Immelmann and Wintgens all received Germany's highest military decoration, the Pour le Mérite or "Blue Max", while flying the Eindecker.

With the arrival in early 1916 of the DH.2 and F.E.2 pushers, along with the Nieuport XI, the dominance of the Eindecker evaporated and the Fokker Scourge ended.

Only one original Eindecker remains. On 8 April 1916, a novice German pilot took off from Valenciennes with a new E.III (serial number 210/16) bound for Wasquehal but became lost in haze and landed at a British aerodrome east of St. Omer. He was forced to surrender before he realised his error and could destroy the aircraft. The E.III was test-flown against the Morane-Saulnier Type N at St. Omer before going to Upavon in Wiltshire for evaluation and finally going on museum display. It now resides at the Science Museum in London. Immelmann's original E.I also survived the war and went on display in Dresden where it was destroyed by Allied bombing during the Second World War.

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This text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Source : Article Fokker Eindecker fighters of Wikipedia ( authors )

Caracteristics (E.III)

  • Length : 23 ft 7 in (or 7.20 m).
  • Height : 7 ft 10 in (or 2.40 m).
  • Wing span : 31 ft 2 in (or 9.50 m).
  • Wing area : 170 sq ft (or 16 m²).
  • Max. take-off weight : 1,345 lbs (or 610 kg).
  • Max. speed : 87 mph (or 76 kts or 140 km/h).
  • Service ceiling : 13,450 ft (or 4,100 m).
  • Endurance : 1 hour and 50 minutes.
  • Engine : A 9 cylinder Oberursel U.I rotary.
  • Power : 100 hp (or 75 kW).
  • Armament : One or two Spandau 7.92 mm machine guns.

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This text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Source : Article Fokker Eindecker fighters of Wikipedia ( authors )
Fokker E.I & E.III Eindecker : Your comments on this subject
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