(Lockheed) Hudson @·AIRCRAFTUBE

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Lockheed Hudson

The Lockheed Hudson was an American-built light bomber and coastal reconnaissance aircraft built initially for the Royal Air Force shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War and primarily operated by the RAF thereafter. The Hudson was the first significant aircraft construction contract for the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation-the initial RAF order for 200 Hudsons far surpassed any previous order the company had received. The Hudson served throughout the war, mainly with Coastal Command but also in transport and training roles as well as delivering agents into occupied France.

In 1938, the British Purchasing Commission sought an American maritime patrol aircraft for the United Kingdom to support the Avro Anson. On 10 December 1938, Lockheed demonstrated a modified version of the Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra commercial airliner, which swiftly went into production as the Hudson Mk.I. By February 1939, Hudsons began to be delivered, initially equipping No. 224 Squadron RAF at RAF Leuchars, Scotland in May 1939. By the start of the war in September, 78 Hudsons were in service.

A total of 350 Mk.I and 20 Mk.II Hudsons were supplied (the Mk.II had different propellers). These had two fixed Browning machine guns in the nose and two more in a Boulton Paul dorsal turret. The Hudson Mk.III added one ventral and two beam machine guns and replaced the 1,100 hp Wright Cyclone 9-cylinder radials with 1,200 hp versions (428 produced).

The Hudson Mk.V (309 produced) and Mk.VI (450 produced) were powered by the 1,200 hp Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp 14-cylinder two-row radial. The RAF also obtained 380 Mk.IIIA and 30 Mk.IV Hudsons under the Lend-Lease programme.

Operational history

The Hudson achieved some significant feats during the war. On 8 October 1939, over Jutland, a Hudson became the first RAF aircraft to shoot down a German aircraft. (The accolade of the first British aircraft to shoot down a German plane went to the Blackburn Skua of the Fleet Air Arm on 26 September 1939.) They operated as fighters during the Battle of Dunkirk. A PBO-1 Hudson of US Navy squadron VP-82 became the first US aircraft to destroy a German submarine when it sank U-656 southwest of Newfoundland on 1 March 1942.

Hudsons were operated by RAF Special Duties squadrons for clandestine operations; No. 161 Squadron in Europe and No. 357 Squadron in Burma. They were used as patrol bombers in the Pacific war by the USN and also the RNZAF and RAAF. They also became the first plane to fire a shot in the Pacific Campaign by sinking a Japanese navy transport ship, the IJN Awajisan Maru, just off the coast of Kota Bharu, an hour before the attack on Pearl Harbour.

In 1941, the USAAF began operating the Hudson; the Twin Wasp-powered variant was designated the A-28 (82 acquired) and the Cyclone-powered variant was designated the A-29 (418 acquired). The US Navy operated 20 A-28s, redesignated the PBO-1. A further 300 were built as aircrew trainers, designated the AT-18.

A Royal Australian Air Force Hudson was involved in the Canberra, Australia air disaster of 1940, in which 3 cabinet ministers of the Australian government were killed.

A total of 2,584 Hudsons were built. They began to be withdrawn from frontline service in 1944.

The type formed the basis for development of the Lockheed Ventura.

Operators

Royal Australian Air Force, Brazilian Air Force, Royal Canadian Air Force, Chinese Nationalist Air Force, Irish Air Corps, Royal Netherlands Air Force, Royal New Zealand Air Force, Portugal Air Force, South African Air Force, Royal Air Force, United States Army Air Forces, United States Navy.

Survivors

Australia: RAAF Hudsons can be found at the Temora Aviation Museum, the Australian War Memorial and the RAAF Museum. Other ex-RNZAF and RAAF machines are in private hands. One aircraft, in Australia, was converted for passenger use and flown by East West Airlines.

Canada: One complete and several partial Hudsons also exist in Canada. A Lockheed Hudson Mk.IIIA (T9422) after years mounted on a pedestal near Washington Street, is on outdoor display at the North Atlantic Aviation Museum, Gander, Newfoundland, Canada.

New Zealand: Former Royal New Zealand Air Force Hudsons which saw service during the Second World War in the South Pacific are on display at the Royal New Zealand Air Force Museum and Ferrymead Heritage Park in Christchurch and the Museum of Transport and Technology in Auckland.

United Kingdom: A Hudson in Royal Australian Air Force colours is preserved in the Royal Air Force Museum at Hendon.

Lockheed Hudson in popular culture

The Lockheed Hudson features prominently in the Captains of the Clouds (1942). The film starred James Cagney and Dennis Morgan as Canadian bush pilots who do their part in the Second World War as ferry pilots, bringing Hudsons to Britain. The film ends with a depiction of a Hudson ferry flight that mixes authentic live action with studio footage. Above and Beyond (2006) Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) four-hour mini series was inspired by the true story of the Atlantic Ferry Organization, recounting the daring plan to deliver aircraft across the North Atlantic to the beleaguered Royal Air Force. The Lockheed Hudson is the primary aircraft portrayed in the mini series in the form of a real life example and numerous CGI Hudsons.

Variants

  • Model 414 : Company designation for the military A-28 / A-29 and Hudson variants.
  • Hudson I : Production aircraft for the Royal Air Force (RAF); 351 built and 50 for the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF).
  • Hudson II : As the Mk I but with spinnerless constant speed propellers; 20 built for the RAF and 50 for the RAAF.
  • Hudson III : Production aircraft with retractable ventral gun position; 428 built.
  • Hudson IIIA : Lend-lease variants of the A-29 and A-29A aircraft; 800 built.
  • Hudson IV : As Mk II with ventral gun removed; 30 built and RAAF Mk I and IIs were converted to this standard.
  • Hudson IVA : 52 A-28s delivered to the RAAF.
  • Hudson V : Mk III with two 1,200 hp (890 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-1830-S3C4-G Twin Wasp engines; 409 built.
  • Hudson VI : A-28As under lend-lease; 450 built.
  • A-28 : US Military powered by two 1,050 hp (780 kW) R-1830-45 engines; 52 delivered to Australia as Hudson IVA.
  • A-28A : A-28 with convertible interiors as troop transports; 450 delivered to RAF as Hudson VI; 27 units passed to the Brazilian Air Force
  • A-29 : A-28 powered by two 1,200 hp (890 kW) R-1830-87 engines; 416 built for the RAF, 153 diverted to United States Army Air Force (USAAF) as the RA-29 and 20 to the United States Navy (USN) as the PBO-1
  • A-29A : A-29 with convertible interiors as troop transports; 384 to the RAF as Hudson IIIA, some retained by USAAF as the RA-29A.
  • A-29B : 24 repossesed A-29s converted for photo-survey.
  • AT-18 : Gunnery trainer version of the A-29 powered by two R-1820-87 engines, 217 built.
  • AT-18A : Navigational trainer version with dorsal turret removed, 83 built.
  • C-63 : Provisional designation changed to A-29A.
  • C-111 : Three civil Model 14s impressed in Australia.
  • PBO-1 : Twenty former RAF Hudson IIIAs repossesed for use by VP-82 Squadron of the USN
  • Tachikawa Type LO Transport Aircraft : Japanese licence production of the Model 14-38 by the Tachikawa Aircraft Company Ltd (立川飛行機株式会社 Tachikawa Hikōki K.K.?) powered by 2x 900 hp (670 kW) Mitsubishi Ha-26-I 14 cylinder radial engines. The 119 production aircraft were given the allied reporting name Thelma.
  • Kawasaki Army Type 1 Freight Transport : Long designation of the Ki-56
  • Kawasaki Ki-56 : Freight transport aircraft redesigned by Takei Doi at Kawasaki Kokuki Kogoyo K.K. (Kawasaki Aircraft Company), from the Type LO. Careful attention to weight reduction, a 1.5 m (4.9 ft) increase in rear fuselage length and power from 2x 950 hp (710 kW) Nakajima Ha-25 14 cylinder radial engines improved performance and handling. The 121 production aircraft were given the allied reporting name Thalia.

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This text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Source : Article Lockheed Hudson of Wikipedia ( authors )

Specifications (Hudson Mk.I)

  • Crew : 6.
  • Length : 44 ft 4 in (or 13 m 51).
  • Height : 11 ft 10 in (or 3 m 62).
  • Wingspan : 65 ft 6 in (or 19 m 96).
  • Wing area : 551 ft² (or 51.2 m²).
  • Empty weight : 12,000 lb (or 5,400 kg).
  • Loaded weight : 17,500 lb (or 7,930 kg).
  • Max takeoff weight : 18,500 lb (or 8,390 kg).
  • Maximum speed : 218 kt (or 246 mph, or 397 km/h).
  • Range : 1,700 nm (or 1,960 mi, or 3,150 km).
  • Service ceiling : 24,500 ft (or 7,470 m).
  • Rate of climb : 1,200 ft/min (or 6.2 m/s).
  • Powerplant : Two Wright Cyclone 9-cylinder radial engines delivering 1,100 hp (or 820 kW) each.
  • Armament : Four .303 in Browning machine guns : 2 in the nose, 2 in dorsal turret plus 750 lb (340 kg) of bombs or depth charges.

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This text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
Source : Article Lockheed Hudson of Wikipedia ( authors )
Lockheed Hudson : Your comments on this subject
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